Pakalipano, makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic ku China makamaka ndi DC, yomwe imayenera kulipira mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi batri ya dzuwa, ndipo batire imapereka mphamvu mwachindunji ku katundu. Mwachitsanzo, makina ounikira dzuwa m'nyumba kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China ndi makina opangira magetsi a microwave ali kutali ndi gridi onse ndi DC. Dongosolo lamtunduwu lili ndi dongosolo losavuta komanso lotsika mtengo. Komabe, chifukwa cha katundu wosiyanasiyana wamagetsi a DC (monga 12V, 24V, 48V, ndi zina), zimakhala zovuta kuti zitsimikizidwe komanso zogwirizana ndi dongosololi, makamaka mphamvu za anthu wamba, chifukwa katundu wambiri wa AC amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu ya DC. . Zimakhala zovuta kuti magetsi a photovoltaic apereke magetsi kuti alowe mumsika ngati katundu. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga magetsi a photovoltaic pamapeto pake kudzakwaniritsa ntchito yolumikizidwa ndi gridi, yomwe iyenera kutengera mtundu wamsika wokhwima. M'tsogolomu, machitidwe opangira magetsi a AC photovoltaic adzakhala ochuluka a magetsi a photovoltaic.
Zofunikira za dongosolo lopangira magetsi la photovoltaic pamagetsi a inverter
Makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya AC amakhala ndi magawo anayi: mawonekedwe a photovoltaic, chowongolera ndi kutulutsa, batire ndi inverter (magetsi olumikizidwa ndi gridi amatha kupulumutsa batire), ndipo inverter ndiye gawo lofunikira. Photovoltaic ili ndi zofunikira zapamwamba zama inverters:
1. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kumafunika. Chifukwa cha mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa maselo a dzuwa pakalipano, kuti muwonjezere kugwiritsa ntchito maselo a dzuwa ndikuwongolera kayendetsedwe kabwino kachitidwe, m'pofunika kuyesa kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya inverter.
2. Kudalirika kwakukulu kumafunika. Pakalipano, makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kumadera akutali, ndipo malo ambiri opangira magetsi sakhala osayang'aniridwa ndi kusungidwa. Izi zimafuna inverter kukhala wololera dongosolo dera, okhwima chigawo kusankha, ndipo amafuna inverter kukhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana chitetezo, monga athandizira DC Polarity kugwirizana chitetezo, AC linanena bungwe chitetezo dera lalifupi, kutenthedwa, chitetezo mochulukira, etc.
3. Mphamvu yamagetsi ya DC ikufunika kuti ikhale ndi kusintha kosiyanasiyana. Popeza mphamvu yamagetsi ya batri imasintha ndi katundu ndi mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa, ngakhale batire ili ndi mphamvu yofunikira pamagetsi a batri, mphamvu ya batri imasinthasintha ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu yotsalira ya batri ndi kukana kwa mkati. Makamaka betri ikakalamba, mphamvu yake yotsiriza imasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yamagetsi ya batire ya 12 V imatha kusiyana ndi 10 V mpaka 16 V. Izi zimafuna kuti inverter igwire ntchito pa DC yayikulu Onetsetsani kuti mukugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi mkati mwazitsulo zolowera ndikuonetsetsa kuti mphamvu ya AC yotulutsa mpweya imakhala yokhazikika.
4. Pakatikati ndi zazikulu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi za photovoltaic, kutuluka kwa magetsi a inverter ayenera kukhala sine wave ndi kusokoneza pang'ono. Izi ndichifukwa choti pamakina apakatikati ndi akulu, ngati mphamvu yamafunde a square imagwiritsidwa ntchito, zotulutsazo zimakhala ndi zigawo zambiri za harmonic, ndipo ma harmonics apamwamba apanga zotayika zina. Makina ambiri opanga magetsi a photovoltaic amadzazidwa ndi zida zolumikizirana kapena zida. Zida zili ndi zofunikira zapamwamba pamtundu wa gridi yamagetsi. Pamene makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic apakati ndi akuluakulu akugwirizanitsidwa ndi gululi, pofuna kupewa kuwononga mphamvu ndi gululi wa anthu, inverter imafunikanso kutulutsa mphamvu ya sine wave panopa.
Inverter imatembenuza magetsi achindunji kukhala alternating current. Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi yachindunji ndiyotsika, imalimbikitsidwa ndi thiransifoma yamakono kuti ipeze magetsi osinthika komanso ma frequency. Kwa ma inverters akuluakulu, chifukwa cha voteji ya basi ya DC, zotulutsa za AC nthawi zambiri sizifuna thiransifoma kuti ziwonjezeke voteji mpaka 220V. Mu ma inverters apakati ndi ang'onoang'ono, magetsi a DC ndi otsika, monga 12V, Kwa 24V, dera lothandizira liyenera kupangidwa. Ma inverter apakati komanso ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza ma inverter ma frequency-pull-pull inverter, ma inverter okhala ndi mlatho wathunthu komanso ma frequency okwera kwambiri. Mabwalo akukankha-chikoka amalumikiza pulagi yosalowerera ndale ya thiransifoma yowonjezereka kumagetsi abwino, ndi machubu awiri amagetsi Njira ina, mphamvu ya AC yotulutsa, chifukwa ma transistors amagetsi amalumikizidwa ndi malo wamba, mabwalo oyendetsa ndi owongolera ndi osavuta, komanso chifukwa. thiransifoma imakhala ndi kutayikira kwina, imatha kuchepetsa nthawi yayitali, motero kumapangitsa kudalirika kwa dera. Choyipa ndichakuti kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka thiransifoma ndi chochepa ndipo kuthekera koyendetsa zonyamula katundu ndikotsika.
Dongosolo la inverter la mlatho wathunthu limagonjetsa zofooka za kankhani-koka dera. Transistor yamagetsi imasintha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, ndipo phindu lamagetsi a AC limasintha molingana. Chifukwa derali lili ndi loop yaulere, ngakhale yolemetsa yonyamula, mawonekedwe amagetsi otulutsa sidzasokonezedwa. Choyipa cha derali ndikuti ma transistors amphamvu a m'mwamba ndi pansi sagawana pansi, choncho dera lodzipatulira loyendetsa galimoto kapena magetsi akutali ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuonjezera apo, pofuna kupewa kuyendetsedwa kwapadera kwa zida za mlatho wapamwamba ndi wapansi, dera liyenera kukonzedwa kuti lizimitsidwe ndikuyatsidwa, ndiko kuti, nthawi yakufa iyenera kukhazikitsidwa, ndipo dongosolo la dera limakhala lovuta kwambiri.
Zotsatira za kankhani-chikoka dera ndi full-mlatho dera ayenera kuwonjezera sitepe thiransifoma. Chifukwa thiransifoma yowonjezereka ndi yaikulu kukula, yotsika kwambiri, komanso yokwera mtengo, ndi chitukuko cha teknoloji yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi ma microelectronics, teknoloji yosinthira maulendo apamwamba kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ikwaniritse reverse Ikhoza kuzindikira inverter yamphamvu kwambiri. Dongosolo lakutsogolo lakutsogolo la inverter iyi limatengera kapangidwe kakankha, koma ma frequency ogwirira ntchito amakhala pamwamba pa 20KHz. The boost transformer imatenga maginito apamwamba kwambiri, motero ndi yaying'ono kukula kwake komanso kulemera kwake. Pambuyo pa kutembenuka kwanthawi yayitali, imasinthidwa kukhala ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri kudzera pa thiransifoma yothamanga kwambiri, kenako yamagetsi yamphamvu kwambiri (yomwe imakhala pamwamba pa 300V) imapezeka kudzera pa sefa yosinthira ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri, kenako ndikusinthidwa kudzera mphamvu pafupipafupi inverter dera.
Ndi mawonekedwe ozungulirawa, mphamvu ya inverter imapangidwa bwino kwambiri, kutayika kwa inverter sikuli kofananako kumachepetsedwa, ndipo magwiridwe antchito amayenda bwino. Kuipa kwa dera ndilokuti derali ndi lovuta ndipo kudalirika kumakhala kochepa kusiyana ndi maulendo awiri omwe ali pamwambawa.
Kuwongolera kuzungulira kwa inverter circuit
Mabwalo akuluakulu a ma inverters omwe tawatchulawa onse amafunika kuzindikiridwa ndi dera lowongolera. Nthawi zambiri, pali njira ziwiri zowongolera: square wave ndi positive and weak wave. Chigawo chamagetsi cha inverter chokhala ndi ma square wave otulutsa ndi osavuta, otsika mtengo, koma otsika kwambiri komanso akulu mu zigawo za harmonic. . Kutulutsa kwa Sine wave ndiye njira yachitukuko ya ma inverters. Ndi chitukuko cha teknoloji ya microelectronics, ma microprocessors okhala ndi ntchito za PWM atulukanso. Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo wa inverter wa sine wave output wakhwima.
1. Ma inverters okhala ndi square wave output pakali pano amagwiritsa ntchito ma pulse-width modulation integrated circuits, monga SG 3 525, TL 494 ndi zina zotero. Kuyeserera kwatsimikizira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma circuit ophatikizika a SG3525 komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma FET amphamvu monga zida zosinthira mphamvu zimatha kukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso ma inverters amtengo. Chifukwa SG3525 imatha kuyendetsa mwachindunji mphamvu za FETs Kutha ndipo ili ndi gwero lamkati lamkati ndi amplifier yogwirira ntchito komanso chitetezo cha undervoltage, motero gawo lake lozungulira ndilosavuta.
2. Inverter control integrated circuit ndi sine wave output, control circuit ya inverter ndi sine wave output ikhoza kuyendetsedwa ndi microprocessor, monga 80 C 196 MC yopangidwa ndi INTEL Corporation, yopangidwa ndi Motorola Company. MP 16 ndi PI C 16 C 73 zopangidwa ndi MI-CRO CHIP Company, etc. Makompyuta a single-chip awa ali ndi majenereta angapo a PWM, ndipo amatha kukhazikitsa zida za mlatho wapamwamba ndi wapamwamba. Panthawi yakufa, gwiritsani ntchito 80 C 196 MC ya kampani ya INTEL kuti muzindikire mawonekedwe a sine wave linanena bungwe, 80 C 196 MC kuti mutsirize kutulutsa siginecha ya sine wave, ndikuzindikira mphamvu yamagetsi ya AC kuti mukwaniritse kukhazikika kwa Voltage.
Kusankhidwa kwa Zida Zamagetsi mu Main Circuit of the Inverter
Kusankha zigawo zikuluzikulu mphamvu zainverterndizofunikira kwambiri. Pakadali pano, zida zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zikuphatikiza Darlington power transistors (BJT), ma transistors amphamvu akumunda (MOS-F ET), ma transistors a chipata cha insulated (IGB). T) ndi kuzimitsa thyristor (GTO), ndi zina zotero, zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makina ang'onoang'ono otsika mphamvu ndi MOS FET, chifukwa MOS FET imakhala yotsika kwambiri pamagetsi otsika komanso apamwamba Kusinthasintha kwa IG BT nthawi zambiri kumakhala amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina othamanga kwambiri komanso akuluakulu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kukana kwapadziko lonse kwa MOS FET kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi, ndipo IG BT ili mu makina a Medium-capacity imakhala ndi mwayi waukulu, pamene machitidwe apamwamba kwambiri (pamwamba pa 100 kVA), ma GTO amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. monga zigawo za mphamvu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-21-2021
