Asanayambe kukula kwa mafakitale a photovoltaic, inverter kapena inverter inverter inkagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku mafakitale monga mayendedwe a njanji ndi magetsi. Pambuyo pakuwuka kwa mafakitale a photovoltaic, inverter ya photovoltaic yakhala zida zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zatsopano zopangira mphamvu, ndipo ndizodziwika kwa aliyense. Makamaka m'mayiko otukuka ku Ulaya ndi United States, chifukwa cha lingaliro lodziwika la kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, msika wa photovoltaic unapangidwa kale, makamaka chitukuko chofulumira cha machitidwe a photovoltaic apanyumba. M'mayiko ambiri, ma inverters a m'nyumba akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipangizo zapakhomo, ndipo kulowetsedwa kumakhala kwakukulu.
Inverter ya photovoltaic imatembenuza magetsi omwe amapangidwa ndi ma photovoltaic modules kukhala alternating current ndiyeno amawadyetsa mu gridi. Kuchita ndi kudalirika kwa inverter kumatsimikizira mtundu wa mphamvu ndi mphamvu zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi. Choncho, photovoltaic inverter ili pachimake cha dongosolo lonse la mphamvu ya photovoltaic. udindo.
Pakati pawo, ma inverter olumikizidwa ndi grid amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika m'magulu onse, komanso ndi chiyambi cha chitukuko cha ukadaulo wonse wa inverter. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya ma inverters, ma inverters olumikizidwa ndi grid ndi osavuta muukadaulo, amayang'ana kwambiri pakuyika kwa photovoltaic ndi kutulutsa grid. Mphamvu zotetezedwa, zodalirika, zogwira mtima, komanso zotulutsa zapamwamba zakhala cholinga cha ma inverters oterowo. zizindikiro luso. M'mikhalidwe yaukadaulo ya ma gridi olumikizidwa ndi ma photovoltaic inverters opangidwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana, mfundo zomwe zili pamwambapa zakhala miyeso yofananira ya muyezo, inde, tsatanetsatane wa magawo ndi osiyana. Kwa ma inverters olumikizidwa ndi gridi, zofunikira zonse zaukadaulo zimakhazikika pakukwaniritsa zofunikira za gridi yamakina ogawa, ndipo zofunikira zambiri zimachokera ku zofunikira za gridi ya ma inverters, ndiye kuti, zofunikira zapamtunda. Monga ma voliyumu, ma frequency, zofunikira zamphamvu, chitetezo, zowongolera pakalakwitsa. Ndipo momwe mungalumikizire gridi, ndi magetsi otani omwe angaphatikizepo, ndi zina zotero, kotero kuti inverter yolumikizidwa ndi grid nthawi zonse imayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za gululi, sizimachokera ku zofunikira zamkati za dongosolo lamagetsi. Ndipo kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndikuti inverter yolumikizidwa ndi gridi ndi "magetsi olumikizidwa ndi grid", ndiko kuti, imapanga mphamvu ikakumana ndi mikhalidwe yolumikizidwa ndi gridi. muzinthu zoyendetsera mphamvu mkati mwa photovoltaic system, kotero ndizosavuta. Zosavuta monga chitsanzo cha bizinesi cha magetsi omwe amapanga. Malingana ndi ziwerengero zakunja, zoposa 90% ya makina a photovoltaic omwe adamangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma photovoltaic grid-connected systems, ndipo ma inverters opangidwa ndi grid amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kalasi ya ma inverters otsutsana ndi ma inverters olumikizidwa ndi grid ndi ma inverter akunja. The off-grid inverter amatanthawuza kuti kutulutsa kwa inverter sikulumikizidwa ndi gridi, koma kumalumikizidwa ndi katundu, zomwe zimayendetsa mwachindunji katundu kuti apereke mphamvu. Pali zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito ma inverters a off-grid, makamaka m'madera ena akutali, kumene mikhalidwe yolumikizidwa ndi gridi sikupezeka, mikhalidwe yolumikizidwa ndi gridi ndi yoyipa, kapena pakufunika kudzipangira nokha komanso kudzigwiritsa ntchito. -Gridi dongosolo limatsindika "m'badwo wokha komanso kudzigwiritsa ntchito". ". Chifukwa cha zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito ma inverters a off-grid, pali kafukufuku wochepa ndi chitukuko cha zamakono. Pali mfundo zochepa zapadziko lonse za zochitika zaumisiri za off-grid inverters, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kafukufuku wochepa ndi chitukuko cha ma inverters oterowo, ". kusonyeza chikhalidwe cha kuchepa Komabe, ntchito za off-grid inverters ndi teknoloji yomwe ikukhudzidwa si yophweka, makamaka pogwirizana ndi mabatire osungira mphamvu, kulamulira ndi kuyang'anira dongosolo lonse ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa zovuta. grid-olumikizidwa inverters Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti dongosolo lopangidwa ndi ma inverters a gridi, ma photovoltaic panels, mabatire, katundu ndi zipangizo zina ndizosavuta kachitidwe kakang'ono kameneka ndi chakuti dongosololi silinagwirizane ndi gridi .
Pamenepo,ma inverters opanda gridndi maziko a chitukuko cha bidirectional inverters. Ma inverters a Bidirectional amaphatikiza mawonekedwe aukadaulo a ma inverters olumikizidwa ndi gridi ndi ma inverter akunja, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pama network amagetsi am'deralo kapena makina opangira magetsi. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi gridi yamagetsi. Ngakhale kuti palibe ntchito zambiri zamtunduwu pakalipano, chifukwa mtundu uwu wa machitidwe ndi chitsanzo cha chitukuko cha microgrid, chikugwirizana ndi zomangamanga ndi ntchito zamalonda zamagetsi ogawidwa m'tsogolomu. ndi ma microgrid amtsogolo amtsogolo. Ndipotu, m'mayiko ena ndi misika kumene photovoltaics ikukula mofulumira komanso okhwima, kugwiritsa ntchito ma microgrids m'nyumba ndi m'madera ang'onoang'ono ayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, boma la m'deralo limalimbikitsa chitukuko cha magetsi a m'deralo, kusungirako ndi kugwiritsira ntchito maukonde ndi mabanja monga mayunitsi, kupereka patsogolo mphamvu zatsopano zopangira mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito, komanso gawo losakwanira la gridi yamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, inverter ya bidirectional iyenera kuganiziranso ntchito zowongolera zambiri ndi ntchito zowongolera mphamvu, monga kuchuluka kwa batri ndi kutulutsa, njira zogwirira ntchito zolumikizidwa ndi gridi / off-grid, ndi njira zodalirika zoperekera mphamvu zamagetsi. Zonsezi, bidirectional inverter idzasewera ntchito zofunika kwambiri zowongolera ndi kasamalidwe kuchokera pamalingaliro a dongosolo lonse, m'malo mongoganizira zofunikira za gridi kapena katundu.
Monga imodzi mwa njira zachitukuko za gridi yamagetsi, mphamvu zopangira magetsi m'deralo, kugawa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi zomangidwa ndi mphamvu zatsopano zopangira mphamvu monga pachimake chidzakhala chimodzi mwa njira zazikulu zachitukuko za microgrid m'tsogolomu. Munjira iyi, ma microgrid am'deralo apanga mgwirizano wolumikizana ndi gridi yayikulu, ndipo microgrid sidzagwiranso ntchito kwambiri pa gridi yayikulu, koma idzagwira ntchito mopanda malire, ndiko kuti, pachilumba. Pofuna kukwaniritsa chitetezo cha m'deralo ndikuyika patsogolo mphamvu yodalirika yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, njira yogwiritsira ntchito gridi yolumikizidwa imapangidwa pokhapokha pamene mphamvu ya m'deralo ili yochuluka kapena iyenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku gridi yamagetsi yakunja. Pakalipano, chifukwa cha kusakhwima kwa matekinoloje ndi ndondomeko zosiyanasiyana, ma microgrid sanagwiritsidwe ntchito pamlingo waukulu, ndipo ntchito zowonetsera zochepa chabe zikuyenda, ndipo zambiri mwazinthuzi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi gridi. Inverter ya microgrid imaphatikiza mawonekedwe aukadaulo a bidirectional inverter ndipo imasewera ntchito yofunikira yoyang'anira grid. Ndi makina ophatikizira ophatikizika komanso makina ophatikizira ophatikizika omwe amaphatikiza inverter, kuwongolera ndi kasamalidwe. Imachita kasamalidwe ka mphamvu zakomweko, kuwongolera katundu, kasamalidwe ka batri, inverter, chitetezo ndi ntchito zina. Idzamaliza ntchito yoyang'anira microgrid yonse pamodzi ndi microgrid energy management system (MGEMS), ndipo idzakhala zipangizo zopangira makina opangira ma microgrid. Poyerekeza ndi inverter yoyamba yolumikizidwa ndi gululi pakupanga ukadaulo wa inverter, idasiyanitsidwa ndi ntchito yoyera ya inverter ndikunyamula ntchito ya kasamalidwe ka microgrid ndi kuwongolera, kutchera khutu ndikuthana ndi mavuto ena pamlingo wadongosolo. Inverter yosungirako mphamvu imapereka kutembenuka kwa bidirectional, kutembenuka kwaposachedwa, ndi kulipiritsa batire ndi kutulutsa. Kasamalidwe ka microgrid kamene kamayang'anira microgrid yonse. Othandizira A, B, ndi C onse amayendetsedwa ndi kasamalidwe ka microgrid ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito kuzilumba zakutali. Dulani katundu wosakhala wovuta malinga ndi mphamvu zamagetsi nthawi ndi nthawi kuti mukhalebe okhazikika a microgrid ndi ntchito yotetezeka ya katundu wofunikira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-10-2022
